![]() Wait just a few minutes until your ring has slightly cooled before you drizzle on the icing. You can also use water if you don’t have milk. While the Apple Ring is baking mix the powdered sugar with 1 to 2 Tbsp. Keep tucking until you’ve formed a ring.īake at 375° for 15 to 20 mins. With pizza cutter or sharp knife, cut stacked crusts into 6 wedges separate into 6 stacks of two. Remove pie crusts from pouches unroll crusts into 11-inch circles onto cutting board. Now we want to fold over our crescent rolls and tuck the pointed end under. Line large cookie sheet with cooking parchment paper. The apple pie filling already comes lightly spiced. You could add regular cinnamon, or whatever spice you like, or leave them plain. All you need are crescent roll dough, some granny smith apple slices, butter, brown sugar and apple pie spice. In just 30 minutes, your mini crescent roll apple pies will be done (4 count) crescent rolls 2 tbsp. In small bowl, mix brown sugar and apple pie spice. unwrap the crescent roll and separate the triangles.combine sugar and cinnamon in a small bowl.Unroll crescent roll dough and separate each can into 8 triangles. Bake for 18 to 20 minutes until crescent is golden on the outside. These gooey bites bring you the best of both worlds: crescent roll apple turnover recipe. spoon about 1 rounded tablespoon of apple mixture.Place a spoonful to two of apples into each crescent and roll the dough. Brush the tops of each turnover with the egg, then place two turnovers in the air fryer basket. Unroll the crescent dough onto a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. You can also customize the ingredients, and the possibilities are endless. Spoon apples into the centre of each puff pastry square, then fold the pastry over from corner to corner into a triangle shape and seal the edges together with a fork. This casserole is loaded with sausage, eggs, cheese, and of course, the delicious butter flavor of crescent rolls. I added extra cinnamon to my apples!! I love the Flavor God buttery cinnamon roll spice!! I just sprinkle it on the apples. Then cut the sheet into 4 squares and brush the edges of each square with the egg. Open your can of Apple Pie Filling and spoon the filling into the center (or bottom) of the rolls where it’s overlapping. Overlapping and filling in the gaps as you go. Next, open your 2nd can of rolls and place them down the same way. Continue placing the rolls down touching end to end as you make a ring. Place the flat side of the crescent roll toward the middle of the pan. The first step is to make a “ring” with your crescent rolls. This recipe only requires 3 ingredients!!! Three ingredients! That’s all!! I’m a busy Mom, working woman, hobby farmer, and wife who doesn’t have time to spend hours in the kitchen. I don’t believe in hard recipes with lots of steps. Roll each apple slice in a crescent roll piece, then transfer to the prepared pan. Serve warm, with Blue Bell Homemade Vanilla Ice Cream if desired.Let me start off by saying this….I’ve never used a rolling pin. Peel and core the apples, then cut each into 8 slices.Remove turnovers from tray immediately (right out of the oven) and rinse pans as soon as possible, otherwise the turnovers may stick and the sugar hardens on the pan.Bake for 35-45 minutes or until golden brown. ![]() I used one can in a double recipe and they came out perfect) (note – I find that one can is a little too much for a single recipe. Pour can of Mountain Dew all over the dumplings.Roll each apple wedge in crescent roll dough, starting with smallest point of the triangle. Separate crescent rolls into triangles.(optional) If desired mix up additional cinnamon & sugar and toss apple slices to lightly coat them – I find mixing them in a gallon Ziploc bag works great.Peal if desired (tastes just as good with peals and it’s easier). 2 cans refrigerated crescent roll dough.
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Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin *TKG2d.dll *TKG3d.dll *TKStd.dll *TKV3d.dll C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nulI have a version somewhere that accepts command line options instead of the hardcoded paths. Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin *.dll C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin /XF *.pdb /XF api*.* /XF *d.dll /XF *_d.dll /XF *-gd-*.dll /XF *-gyd-*.dll XF/ *_debug.dll /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul > "C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\qt.conf Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\translations C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\translations /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nulĮcho > C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\qt.confĮcho Prefix =. Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\resources C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\resources /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin\ QtWebEngineProces* assistant* C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\ /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\plugins C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\ /S /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul REM Copy Libpack QT5/plugins to FreeCAD/bin REM robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin ucrt*.* C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\ /XF *.pdb /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul REM robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin msvc*.* C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\ /XF *.pdb /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin python*.* C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\ /XF *.pdb /XF python*_d.* /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin\Scripts C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\Scripts /S /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin\Lib C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\Lib /XD _pycache_ /S /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul ![]() ![]() Robocopy C:\Libpacks\FreeCADLibs_12.4.3_圆4_VC17\bin\DLLs C:\SoftwareProjects\FreeCAD-testbuild-12.4.3\bin\DLLs /S /MT:%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% > nul Code: Select all REM Copy Libpack Python and (U)CRT to FreeCAD/bin ![]() Once Apple stops providing the latest operating system for your Mac, they continue to provide basic security updates for an additional 2 years (7-9 years after the original release date of the Mac). You must be running the latest version of MacOS to receive bug fixes and improvements for your Mac's built-in apps, and to receive Apple's quickest and most comprehensive security updates. Apple's latest system, Ventura, supports most Macs released in 2017 and later. Apple typically provides the latest Mac operating system for 5-7 years after a Mac is originally released (which may be earlier than the year you purchased it). How many years should a Mac last? That depends on your needs. To get the most accurate results for the speeds coming from your internet service provider, run the test while hardwired to your router.ĭo you have issues with your internet connection? We love troubleshooting interesting internet issues, and would be happy to diagnose your internet connection during our appointment with you. Here are some typical speed test results for a healthy internet connection in the Asheville metro area:īe aware that if you run a speed test while connected to Wi-Fi instead of hardwired via ethernet cable, the signal strength of your wireless connection will play a part in the results of your test. While the website itself has testing tools, you must download the Speed Test app (compatible with Mac, Windows, iPhone, and Android) to test packet loss. The easiest way to test your internet speed is to use the tools found at. ![]() Having a packet loss number larger than 0% means there's a problem with your internet connection, or if on Wi-Fi, that you are too far away from your wireless router. Packet loss - shows whether your internet connection is working properly. Ping - measures how far away you are from your internet service provider's equipment. Upload speed - important when sending files to someone else, videoconferencing on Zoom, and all other real-time communication. Here are the essential components to check when diagnosing your internet connection:ĭownload speed - important for all internet activity such as web browsing and watching videos. Today, let's shed some light on internet speed. Yet, though we depend on it in much the same way that we depend on utilities like power and water, much of the way it operates is shrouded in mystery. The internet has become essential to how we live our lives in the decades since it became widespread in the 1990s and 2000s. ![]() Livegren was eventually made aware of the vast differences between the Urantia Jesus Christ and the real Jesus Christ of history: However, the Jesus of Urantia was not the Jesus of Nazareth found in the Bible. The book is full of weird concepts, describing itself as a revelation from superhuman beings which is designed to help followers advance from an animal state to a spirit being before finally becoming ‘gods’!Įventually, Livgren came to consider Urantia as nonsense, but initially it did captivate him and it did at least bring the name of Jesus Christ back into his thinking. He acknowledged that he was trying to tell the fans through his songs about the meaning of life when he hadn’t yet found it himself.Īfter spending some time looking into Eastern religions and philosophies, Kerry was sidetracked when he came across ‘The Urantia Book’- a pseudo-Christian cult work of uncertain authorship published in Chicago in the 1920’s. Many of his earlier Kansas songs reveal a man who was searching for meaning and truth. He spent much of his spare time reading books on history, philosophy and religion. He was a philosopher, a thinker and an avid reader. Kansas songs were soon among the most popular on all the FM Rock stations in the US and his band were considered the best rock act of the era.Ī genuine, gifted artist and a family man, Kerry never took drugs and was not interested in the sleeping with ‘groupies’. He had all the wealth and success that a young man could want in this world, along with a good marriage. On the back of this one song alone, Livgren had become a megastar musician and songwriter almost overnight. ‘Carry on Wayward Son’ was a huge worldwide hit at the time, but, moreover, it has been a rock staple ever since. Kansas were already a popular rock act across the USA when, in 1976, Kerry wrote an all-time classic rock song that took the band on to global success. In retrospect, I am very glad I did have a church background because it gave me a structured background to come back to.” I’m not saying my family was not Christian. “ I see many who were raised up in a church-going family as opposed to a Christian family. ![]() Referring to the famous quote by Billy Graham, he said that he had received just enough cultural Christian teaching to inoculate him against the real thing Livgren describes his family participation in faith as “ typical cultural American Christianity”. “ A Christian was either a hypocrite who went to church on Sundays as a social manoeuvre, or a wild-eyed Jesus freak who fanatically threw tracts at people on the street and told them they were going to fry in hell.” In his autobiography ‘Seeds of Change’ he wrote, ![]() But he explains that popular faith at the time was more cultural than spiritual, and heavily mingled with US politics. His family were consistent church members and he absorbed the foundations of Christianity as he grew up. The following year they were signed to Kirschner records and soon emerged as one of the best rock groups in North America.Īs a baby, Kerry had been confirmed into the Christian faith of the Lutheran church. In 1973, Livgren was one of the two founding members of rock group ‘Kansas’. Kerry Livgren lived in Topeka, Kansas, and started playing in local rock groups while he was still a teenager. Decades after release it is still one of the most requested rock singles on classic rock radio stations. While the latter song spent nearly four years on the Billboard singles chart, ‘Carry On Wayward Son’ is arguably the best known. American rock group Kansas are known globally for their multi-million selling singles ‘Carry On Wayward Son’ (1976) and ‘Dust in the Wind’ (1978), both written by founding member and guitarist Kerry Livgren. When I’m multitasking, I find that audiobooks work best when the task doesn’t require you to pay too much attention to anything else. You can totally operate machinery while listening! Whether it’s household chores, your workout of choice, or your daily commute be it driving or headphones on mass transit, there’s no question that audiobooks help busy readers read more. The clear-cut winner in this category is the audiobook. You can argue back and forth about the personal vs the social reading experience, but I know that when Richard Armitage’s beautiful voice is reading me a story in my ears and my ears only, that shit is personal. ![]() It’s a personal choice for everyone and as you become more versed in both reading worlds, you’ll know which edition is right for you. I recently finished reading the paperback edition of Uprooted by Naomi Novik and I can’t even envision the story without my imagination and inner voice creating that world in my head. ReadingĪccording to the aforementioned good doctors, physically reading a book can be a more personal experience because your inner voice is responsible for creating everything that’s not on the page from only the words on the page. Also, if you can’t afford Springsteen on Broadway tickets like me, I imagine Bruce’s audiobook, Born to Run, is similar to a nosebleed seat. If that comedy example is tickling your ear canals, any book by an SNL alum is a great place to start. Most of the time, they will narrate their own audiobook. Look up your favorite celebrity, actor, or musician and see if they have a memoir. If you haven’t fully committed to that audio life yet, memoirs are the gateway to being open to enjoying audiobooks in my opinion. ![]() ![]() By signing up you agree to our terms of use Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox. Like the sounds of the voices, the scene, the inflection, the deeper meaning, the plot, etc.” On audiobooks: “Because you can’t go back and reread something, you’re much more likely to do a better job of trying to extract the gist of what someone meant when you’re hearing them than when you’re reading.” Conveniently, if you click the Two Guys link, you can either read or listen to their comments. Bob Duke, of the University of Texas, Austin and Austin NPR’s Two Guys on Your Head. On reading: “When you read something, you are looking at symbols on a page, and your brain is busy filling in all the blanks. The most helpful and positive of these that I came across was that of Dr. There’s a fair amount of research on the subject of comprehension in audiobooks vs reading. Each creates differing experiences and memories, but neither is better or worse than the other. ![]() Reading a physical book and listening to the audiobook are two different paths that lead to the same destination. Are you ready? Make like Community and “feast your ear tongues on these memory pops.” Audiobooks vs Reading: Comprehension Hopefully, we can transition this fight from the dreaded comments section and into a big comfy chair where your headphones sit along side your bookmarks and everyone loves each other. Hint: It’s just more fun to love both! Here is a list of ways to view audiobooks vs reading in some major categories. Ī love of reading shouldn’t have parameters or rules as to what type of reading “counts.” Personally, I have found an immensely rewarding common ground in my reading life with both audiobooks and reading. Also, she unapologetically judges books by their covers and makes way too many playlists (c'mon, books need a soundtrack too!). Audiobooks and print books get equal love. She works for that Ivy League institution down the street and tries to read as many books as possible in her free time. Now you know how to change your email password in ThunderBird. It will not change the actual password of your email account. Please note that we are just changing the password in Thunderbird only. click on 'Remove' button click on 'Close' button Click on OK button to save changes to Options. We got a password prompt! Now type your new password and click on ok. select to highlight the smtp account and pasword - all on one line. When Thunderbird reopens, you will see a password prompt. They have been removed! Now restart Thunderbird so the passwords cache will also be removed. But in this case, we need to remove both passwords, so let's click remove all. You can select a password then click on remove to delete it. Let's remove them so we can change them with new passwords You will see passwords for both SMTP and POP3/IMAP here. Didnt work and can not find where to change the password. I even deleted the account and created a new account in the program, putting the new password in at that time. Make sure you have selected the passwords tab. I was forced to change password of one of my accounts and can find no way to enter the new password in thunderbird. This demo assumes you've already opened ThunderBird. You have to delete the saved passwords and wait for the password prompt during the next email check. Unlike other email clients, there is no direct way to change email passwords in Thunderbird. For more detailed technical information about ISPDB and autoconfiguration, how to use it and add a record to it, see Autoconfiguration in Thunderbird on the Mozilla Wiki.How to change your email password in ThunderBird However, please ask your email provider to submit their ISP connection information. You can help! If your email server information is not found when you create your account, you must configure your account manually. The Thunderbird team wants to collect server information for as many ISP and webmail providers as possible. See the FAQ Changing IMAP to POP article if you need to change the incoming server from IMAP to POP. (The information is probably available from their website.) See the Manual Account Configuration article for full instructions. Your email account provider can provide details on connection information. This is done via the Account Settings dialog, accessed from the Tools menu. If your account cannot be automatically configured by Thunderbird, you must manually configure it. (See Manual Account Configuration for help.)Īfter creating the account, Thunderbird will display the new account: Thunderbird will create a new account with the details shown and then open the Account Settings dialog so that you can make further changes.
![]() If you’re wondering, “What tax bracket am I in?” The tax bracket-specific income ranges can shift slightly each year due to inflation adjustments, so you’ll want to reference the year when you review income tax brackets. Need help determining this number? Find out how to calculate your taxable income. Rather, it’s the total of your taxable income sources (like wages, investment interest, and retirement distributions) minus any adjustments and tax deductions. Most income is taxed using these seven tax brackets, except for certain capital gains and dividends. Your taxable income: Believe it or not, your taxable income doesn’t equal your wages.Your filing status : The filing status options are to file as single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household, or qualified widow.If you’re trying to determine your marginal tax rate or your highest federal tax bracket, you’ll need to know two things: All taxpayers pay increasing income tax rates as their income rises through these segments. The basics on federal income tax ratesįederal income tax rates are divided into seven segments commonly known as income tax brackets. ![]() Not sure which one? Don’t worry! We’ll outline the types of tax rates and the situations when you’ll encounter them in this post. Is it the capital gains tax rate, dividend tax rate, marginal tax rate, Medicare tax rate, social security tax rate, bonus tax rate, the withholding tax rate on bonuses (what some people think of as a “bonus tax rate”) you’re looking for? When someone asks about the tax brackets in 2022, they could be referring to a number of different types of rates. “Once again, our annual report provides actionable projections for tax professionals and taxpayers to begin planning for the upcoming year ahead of the official IRS announcement.Tax questions often have complex answers, and the question of federal tax brackets is no different. inflation has contributed to a significant increase in inflation-adjusted amounts in the tax code,” said Heather Rothman, Vice President, Analysis & Content, Bloomberg Tax & Accounting. This year’s report projects that several key deductions for taxpayers will see notable year-over-year increases, with the foreign earned income exclusion increasing from $120,000 to $126,500, and the annual exclusion for gifts increasing from $17,000 to $18,000, thereby allowing taxpayers to increase their gifts without tax implications. They include an increase in the wage limitation amount for the additional §45E credit for small employer pension plan startup costs from $100,000 to $140,000.Īdditional changes include an increase in the §4611(c) hazardous substance superfund financing rate and an increase in the §179D deduction for energy efficient commercial building property if new wage and apprenticeship requirements are met. The report accounts for changes made under the Inflation Reduction Act and the SECURE 2.0 Act that affect tax planning for corporate taxpayers in certain industries. ![]() Run by the Corrections Section of the Sheriff’s Office, it is located at the Operational Headquarters and Correctional Center on 705 Hanover Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45011. The Butler County Jail is the correctional facility in the county. The Sheriff’s Offender Search page allows the public to search the registry by name, email address, and phone number as well as street address and zip code. Use the search tool provided by the Butler County Sheriff’s Office to search the Ohio Sex Offender Registry for offenders living in the county. It also makes this database available to the public online. In Ohio, the Office of the Attorney General maintains a database of registered sex offenders living in the state. You can access these records online by visiting LexisNexis website. The Butler County Sheriff also provides accident reports to requesters free of charge. If you do not receive an email response, send your record request to the Sheriff’s Office by mail at the address provided above. Fill out the Request An Incident Report webform and await an email response from the Sheriff’s Office. The Butler County Sheriff’s Office provides a handy webform for requesting incident reports. ![]() Requesters have to complete the Background Check Personal Information Release form for local criminal history records and the WebCheck Fingerprint Form for state and national background checks. Those ordering state and national background checkspay a reduced totalof $55. A state criminal history report costs $30 while an FBI criminal background check costs $35. The fee for a local background check is $4. The Sheriff’s Office requests these fingerprint-based criminal history searches on behalf of requesters via electronic WebCheck. State background checks are provided by the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation while the FBI provides national background checks. Those requesting local background checks will receive records of arrests at the Butler County Jail. while state and national criminal history checks are available from Monday to Thursday between 8:00 a.m. This Unit provides local background checks from Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. Operational Headquarters and Correctional Center Visit the Records Unit to request for these criminal justice records. The Central Records Unit of the Butler County Sheriff’s Office provides local criminal history records and can help citizens order statewide and nationwide background checks too. Butler County also recorded 32.6% fewer burglaries in 2017 while larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson rates went down by 20%, 25.1%, and 44.2% respectively. ![]() On the other hand, robbery and aggravated assault rates declined by 26% and 56.6% respectively. The five-year crime trend for Butler County shows that murder (22.2%) and rape (36.2%) were the only crimes to record higher incidences in 2017 compared to 2013. Reported incidences of property crimes include 2,063 burglaries, 8,150 larcenies, 304 motor vehicle thefts, and 53 arsons. Compared to 2013 figures, these represent a 39.4% decline in violent crime rate and a 23% dip in property crime rate.Ī breakdown of the 2017 crime data for the county reveals that law enforcement agencies recorded 11 murders, 188 rapes, 253 robberies, and 393 aggravated assaults. Its most recent report shows that Butler County recorded 845 violent crimes and 10,517 property crimes. Crime statistics for Butler County comes from the Office of Criminal Justice Services (OCJS) of the Ohio Department of Public Safety (ODPS). ![]() The result is a feeling of hopelessness, increased stigmatization, lack of control and being trapped between two worlds-in limbo, an intermediate state which interferes with the recovery process. ![]() b : a place or state of neglect or oblivion proposals kept in. You may find that talking to a therapist is helpful if you feel stuck in limbo. That kind of decision will show you that you aren’t trapped, that there is a whole world out there for you to be a part of. 2a : a place or state of restraint or confinement trapping travelers in an airless limbo Sam Boal. See if you can find something to ignite your passion for living. The patients’ relation to the OMT personnel is negatively affected by the need to hide a large portion of their issues. 1 often capitalized : an abode of souls that are according to Roman Catholic theology barred from heaven because of not having received Christian baptism. In fear of losing the replacement opioid, they conceal parts of the addiction they seek treatment for and end up lying and cheating instead of exploring strategies for reducing and managing the addiction. Several of the individuals from the illicit drug scene are part of the OMT programme, but as the treatment does not remove painful emotions, they supplement OMT with illegal substances, violate the OMT regulations, and run the risk of being excluded from the programme. The data are based on field notes and audiotaped interviews.įindings: Four themes emerged as relevant for the participants’ experiences with OMT: 1) the loss of hope, 2) trapped in OMT, 3) substitution treatment is not enough, and 4) stigmatization of identity.Ĭonclusion: The participants found the OMT to be overruling and degrading. In fact, it can lead to a lot of anxiety. Whether you are going through a time of personal transition or if you are dealing with a relationship issue, being in limbo simply is not a good feeling. ![]() Method: By means of the ethnographic method, one of the researchers spent time in an open illicit drug scene over a 1-year span, and gathered data on individuals who frequent the scene on a regular basis, and their experiences with OMT. Being in limbo, or perhaps at a crossroads in life, is one of the most frustrating feelings we go through as people on this earth. Objective: The objective of this article is to gain insight into how individuals who frequent open illicit drug scenes experience opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and investigate how this appears to affect their recovery processes. ![]() REMARK : When the reader feels satisfied with our established theoretical foundation (done in previous documents) that allows (single, non-twinned) Crystals to be promorphologically assessed, he or she can skip all the following, and directly proceed with The Promorphology of Crystals. And bromine only gets a -1 or a 1- charge, so you're gonna need two of the bromides for every one of the calciums.Promorphology of Crystals Preparation 3-D IV Stereometric Basic forms of Inorganic Beings Promorphology of Crystals Ionizes, it's going to be 2+, it's a Group Two element right over here. ![]() And how did we know that we have two bromides for every calcium? Well, because when calcium So it's going to be like this, Br2, and there you have it, that is the chemical formula for calcium bromide. So this is going to be, forĮvery one of the calciums, you're going to have two bromides. You only have 1- here, so you're gonna have to have two bromides for every of the calcium ions. So how is that going to happen? Well, have you 2+ here, The charge of the calcium cation is going to cancel out Has, well, we don't see any net charge here,įor an ionic compound, these things are going Is for an ionic compound, especially one that Now, what is the formula going to be, and remember, the key here It's gonna wanna gain an electron, that's what the elements Like to gain an electron to have eight electrons We see that it likes to gain an electron and so it makes sense that Sits in our periodic table, right over here, we see it is a halide. Is going to be a negative ion or it's going to be an anion. Ionizes, it is going to be, it is going to ionize as Ca2+. Losing two electrons and that's because they have two electrons in their outermost shell and Known as alkaline earth metals, they tend to ionize by Over here in Group Two, and Group Two elements, also Periodic table to confirm that it's likely that calcium So that's a pretty good clue that calcium is going ![]() All right, so theĬonvention is that we write the positive ion first and Inspired, pause the video and see if you can come Let's now see if we can come up with the chemical formula for the ionic compound calcium bromide. The name should therefore be copper(II) chloride.Ĭopper(III) chloride and copper(IV) chloride would have the formulas CuCl3 and CuCl4 respectively using the same rules. Doing some quick math, we find that x = 2, so copper has a 2+ charge. We can determine the copper’s charge using algebra: x + 2(-1) = 0, where x is the copper’s charge. We know the whole formula must be neutral to the copper’s positive charge must cancel the negative charges of the two chlorines. So CuCl2, has copper (the cation and a transition metals with variable charges) and chlorine (the anion with a constant 1- charge). We differentiate between these possible charges by using roman numerals in their names. This is a generalization and there are exceptions to this rule lead for example is a main group element but can take on +2 and +4 charges.Įlements in the middle of the periodic table, the transition metals, can take on several different positive charges in different compounds. Group 1 elements have 1+ charges for example, while group 17 elements have 1- charges. The elements in the s and p blocks (groups 1,2, & 13-18) are collectively referred to as main group and for the most part have constant charges. So the cumulative charges of the cations (a metal often) must equal the charges of the anions (a nonmetal often). The positive charges must equal and cancel all the negative charges. Ionic compound’s empirical formulae always have a neutral net charge, or a total charge of 0. The elements in the middle of the periodic table, the transition metals, are odd in that they have the potential of taking on several possible positive charges. And the groups further to the right tend to take on negative charges to become anions because they like to accept electrons now instead of donate them.Ĭollectively these elements in groups 1-2 & 13-18 are known as main block elements and have (usually) constant charges. Elements in group 14 have the possibility of taking on a +4 or a -4 charge. Elements in group 13 take on a +3 charge. Elements in group 2, the alkaline earth metals, take on a +2 charge for a similar reason. Elements in group 1, the alkali metals, have one valence electrons so they tend to lose that one electron and take on a +1 charge. It corresponds to how many valence electrons those elements in that group have and therefore how many they wish to donate to other atoms to form cations. For the most part it depends on the group (column) in which the element is found in on the periodic table. |
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